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EC
Project of
The
Association Of Economic Development Of The Commercial, Business
And Industrial Enterprises in Bulgaria
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MUNICIPALITY
KARNOBAT |
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Location
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Karnobat
municipality is located in the south-eastern part of
the Republic of Bulgaria and it is included in the administrative
territorial boundaries of Burgas region. Rishki passage
connects the municipality with North Bulgaria. A part
of Karnobat-Aitos Balkan is located in the northern
part of the territory.. Hisar hills raise to the south
of the town of Karnobat.
The municipal territory of Karnobat municipality is
806 sq.m., 87.37% of which is an agricultural fund,
9.81% forest fund and 2.82% “Residential areas”
fund.
History
The Karnobat region, located in front of the south approaches
of the Rishki and Varbishki passes, features an ancient
history, dating as back as the Neolith era. Villages
and tumuli reveal traces of life from the neolith and
Iron Age, rich settlement life during the antiquity
and Middle Ages. The town of Karnobat was mentioned
under different names in the documents from the Turkish
registers and travel notes: Karinovassa. Karinabad,
Karnovo… |
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After
the foundation of the Bulgarian state in 681, because of its
exceptional role, the lands of the Karnobat region were field
of many battles between Bulgaria and Byzantium. Markeli fortress,
a south Episcopal and military center, located 7,5 km west
of Karnobat, has been the most significant place of interest
since the times of the First Bulgarian Kingdom. During the
Ottoman rules, the town was an important administrative and
trade center included in the Silistra district. The fact that
the Bulgarian priest Stoiko Vladislavov (known as Sofronii
Vrachanski, one of the prominent men of the Bulgarian national
revival) performed the service in Karnobat parish is indicative
of the revival processes that took place in the region from
1791 to 1792. |
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During the
Renaissance Karnobat became the rallying point for cultural
and educational development of the region. St. Yoan Theologian
Church was built in 1838. Razvitie Reading Club (now St.
Kiril i Metodii Reading Club) one of the first reading clubs
in South-Eastern Bulgaria was established in 1862 and a
non-clerical school was opened in 1864.
The town
had a significant contribution to the religious struggles
during the Renaissance - in the 19th century the active
and public-spirited citizens of Karnobat expelled the bishop
of Anhialo and in this way they completely eliminated the
Greek influence.
During the
Russian-Turkish war (1877-1878) the region became a victim
of outrageous bashi-bazouks and Circassians.
The Liberation
of Karnobat on 24, January 1878 gave grounds for huge social
and economic reforms. The town strengthened its positions
as a cultural and educational center. About 22 periodicals
reflect its new appearance.
The total
territory of Karnobat municipality is 806 sq.m. Its earth
formations are mainly flat. Karnobat-Aytos mountain merges
into Karnobat valley. To the south of the town of Karnobat
raise Hisar hills. The valley of Mochuritsa river represents
accumulative type of earth formations.
In the whole
municipality the terrain is easily approachable. Rishki
passage connects the municipality with North Bulgaria. The
average above sea level height is174 m.
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Climate |
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The
territory of Karnobat municipality is within the transitional
continental climatic region. The climate is under the influence
of the oceanic air masses, which come from west and north-west
and the continental ones from north-east. The terrain conditions
and the closeness with the Black sea are additional factors,
which influence the climatic elements. The air annual average
temperature (11.4°Ñ) and the average monthly temperature
in January (0.1°Ñ) determine the climate of the
region as a mild one. |
Soils |
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Several
types of soils are widespread in the municipality.
The
leached soils survive on flat and slightly drained surfaces.
They are with crumbled structure. They are distinguished with
high mineral content, significant wetting ability and unfavourable
physical and mechanical properties. Although they are rich
of soil nutrients for improving the nourishing regime they
need fertilizing with organic and mineral composts. They are
the most spread soils in the municipality. They are suitable
for cultivation of all types of agricultural cultures.
There
are leached maroon soils in the region of the town of Karnobat.
The structure of the upper layer is very dusty, but it is
comparatively good. It becomes worse in the lower layers.
Water permeability is law and the nutrients are limited, which
necessitates a huge mixed nitric and phosphoric burning. These
soils are suitable mainly for field crops.
There
are alluvial soils along Mochuritsa river valley. They have
favourable physical and mechanical properties, water and thermal
conditions and upper layer waters. They are suitable for cultivation
of almost all types of vegetable, alfalfa, beetroot and others. |
Mineral
resources |
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The
municipality is poor of mineral resources. Quarries for construction
materials with local and regional importance are found:
Sands - the
quarry is to the north of Tserovski artificial lake, almost
immediately by the river-bank at about 2-3km. southeast of
the village of Venets. The productive layer is formed by Pliocene
materials. The terrain is occupied with fields.
Peat - it is
in the bog territory at about 1 km. south-west of the village
of Venets, with an area about 6 sq .m. till now the deposits
are not explored yet.
Clays - there
is a clay layer under the peat. Two other deposits are found
near the town of Karnobat. The first quarry deposits are calculated
to 4 million cubic meters and the annual extraction - 80 thousand
cubic meters. The other quarry is with capacity of 432 thousand
cubic meters and annual extraction - 40 thousand cubic meters. |
Water
resoureces |
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The
territory is drained by Mochuritsa river, which flows into
Tundzha river and its length is 85.9 km, and Rusokastrenska
river, which flows into Mandrensko lake.
The
surface flow is formed by rainfalls and to a small extent
by snow thawing. Due to the frequent and long summer drains
and the high vapours during this period the small streams
get dry and the bigger rivers reduce extremely their quantities.
There
are constructed artificial lakes and micro-lakes with average
area 50-80 decares on many of the feeders. They are used for
watering.
The
underground waters which have more constant debit are important
for the water supply of the municipality. The lithological
structure and the conditions of the occurrence of the separate
types of rocks have determined the formation of primed and
leaked waters. All river ledges along the rivers in the municipality
are classified as primed waters. The leaked waters are bound
to separate cracks in the rock types. They are used for supply
of drinking water.
Drilling surveys
for the necessities of water supply have been made for almost
all residential areas.
The
biggest prognosticated quantities show the data for the water
basin in the village of Asparuhovo and the village of Smolnik
- 15 l/sec. The determined water quantities of underground
waters on the territory of the municipality are sufficient
for the fulfillment of its demands. The shortage is provided
by water economy system "Kamchiya lake" - 200 l/sec |
Flora |
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Regarding
the flora the territory is classified to the Thracian forest
vegetation region, which includes mountain hills and lower
lands - to the south of the Balkan.
The
forest tree vegetation is compounded of deciduous leaf falling
forests - homogeneous and mixed forests of cerris-oak, oak-tree,
hornbeam. Mixed cultivation of ash-tree, elm-tree, common
hornbeam, cerris oak, maple and along with them willow, poplar
and others are spread along the inlet areas and the riverside
lands of the rivers and the streams. There are mixed forests
along the hill earth formations and the strongly segmented
hill slopes with maroon forest soils. Wide spread among the
bushes are sumach, thorn, hawthorn, cornet-tree and others.
In
the field region the natural forest vegetation is substituted
by an agricultural one. Many herbs that have application in
the pharmaceutics are spread in the mountain as well as in
the field region along with various forest and culture vegetation.
All over the region there are wild briar, hawthorn, nettle,
dandelion, blackthorn, common balm, plantain, chamomile, white
milfoil, peppermint, thyme, marjoram, primrose, St. John's
wort, lime-tree, walnut-tree.
The
edible boletus and the chanterelle are important for the mushroom-growing. |
Fauna |
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Although
low, Karnobat mountain has a rich fauna variety. Here there
are:
from the mammals
- deer, wild boar, jackal, wild duck, badger, polecat, rabbit
and others.
from the rodents
- squirrel, hamster, dormouse and others .
from the birds
- hawk, falcon, hawk, quail, woodcock, turtle-dove, pigeon,
owlets (species under protection) and others.
from the reptiles
- tortoise (species under protection), lizards, viper, motley
grass-snake and others.
In the spring
and winter period in the region there is a different kind
of game -snipes, wild ducks, rarely geese.
The hunting
fauna is represented by small game and has a local significance.
The total hunting area is 57 700 ha. Its is managed by Association
of Hunting and Fishing - Karnobat.
The fishing
is concentrated mainly along Mochuritsa river. In it there
is barbell, chub, gudgeon. The artificial water basins are
planted with carps. |
Natural
gifts, places and areas under protection
At about 15-16 km. south from Karnobat, Straldzha bog is situated
between Straldzha and the villages of Antolovo, Lozenets,
Venets and Devetnitsi. In the beginning of XX century it is
the biggest lake in Bulgaria. Different waders - the swan
and the whooping swan, the big egret, goose and others find
favourable conditions of life in Straldzha bog. Most of the
species are included into the Red book of Bulgaria for rare
and protected from vanishing species. |
Economics |
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Due to the
complete crises in the economics of the country in the reform
period and the loss of some traditional markets in the East
European countries, the company production activity shows
decrease tendencies. Production capacities are explored
no more than 50%.
In the sector
"Trade" the competition has increased. The places
of commerce have increased from 301 in 1997 to 398 in 1998,
in the public sector there is a certain decrease from 32
to 20, and in the private - an increase from 269 to 378.
Sector "Construction"
is not significant for the municipality. There is a municipal
company which is at a loss of its activity The other construction
companies have an insignificant share.
The services
are with a stable tendency of existence and stability considering
the abilities of the tradesmen. There is a certain decline
in the demand for sewing services.
The contemporary
structure of continuity is connected to a certain degree
with agricultural production not only in the municipality
but in the whole region as well. Regarding this the following
enterprises should be mentioned: SLTD “Zarno”/Brain/
( the ex-mill factory), SLTD “Karnobatplod”
(Karnobat fruit) (the ex canning factory “G. Hardalov”),
“Karnota” LTD (the ex packing-house “Rodopa”),
“Remont-serviz” /Repairing-service/ SLTD (the
ex repairing factory "Bolgar”), Company “Textile”
SLTD (ex “Textile”), “SEM-ÊÀR-IT”
LTD ( the ex enterprise “Sortovi semena” / "Sowing
Seeds"), The factory for agricultural equipment - now
Commercial association “ÊÀÌÒ”
( the ex factory “Karnobat commune”), company
“Laktis” (ex packing-house).
In 1981 an
enterprise "Centre for agrarian chemical service"
- the town of Karnobat, which since 1990 functions as a
State company "Himagroshtit" has been established
for the municipal agricultural necessities. It provides
complex services for crops protection and fertilizing, consulting
activity, repair and maintenance of agricultural equipment,
commercial activity in the country and abroad.
The production
funds in Karnobat municipality are not equally devided in
the residential area net. The main economic potential, production,
wharehouse and other funds are located in the town of Karnobat
and its production zone.
The total
area of production and warehouse zone is 145.16 ha.17 industrial
enterprises, 4 enterprises of the sector "Construction",
2 transport enterprises, 8 comercial and warehouse enterprises,
4 enterprises of sector "Agriculture" and 6 enterprises
of another character are located there. Several commercial
and warehouse enterprises are located out of the production
zone.
Major structure
defining branches of the industry are the machine construction
and food, wine and tobacco industry. Nevertheless that the
sewing industry is represented only by one enterprise “Karina”PLC.
It takes a significant place in the economic structure of
the town and municipality..
Future perspective
for development are mainly connected with the presence of
free production capacities with technological equipment
of modern type and highly qualified labour capacity.
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Markeli
fortress, a medieval Christian complex |
The
first information for Karnobat was written in 1153 and included
in The Geography by Al Idrisi - an Arabian traveler and scientist.
The historical sources show that since the 19th century up
to present days the town has always been an administrative,
economic and commercial centre with a traditional yearly fair. |
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Address: |
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Municipality
Karnobat |
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Mr.
Zhelko
Dermendzhiev
chief expert - programs and development
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12, Bld. Bulgaria |
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BG-8400
- Karnobat |
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Phone
- (0559) 2-28-03, 2-28-73; |
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Fax
- (0559) 71-65 |
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Å-Mail:
karnobat@mail.bg |
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Internet - http://karnobat.acstre.com
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